Kev sib tsoo ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb

Kev sib tsoo ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb

1. Kev ua kom kub hnyiab

Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb yog tias cov zaj duab xis oxide ntawm qhov chaw cuam tshuam loj heev rau qhov ntub thiab kis ntawm cov hlau. Ntau yam hlau tsis xeb muaj ntau ntawm Cr, thiab qee qhov kuj muaj Ni, Ti, Mn, Mo, Nb thiab lwm yam ntsiab lus, uas tuaj yeem tsim ntau yam oxides lossis txawm tias cov oxides sib xyaw ntawm qhov chaw. Ntawm lawv, cov oxides Cr2O3 thiab TiO2 ntawm Cr thiab Ti yog qhov ruaj khov heev thiab nyuaj rau tshem tawm. Thaum sib xyaw ua ke hauv huab cua, yuav tsum siv cov dej ntws nquag kom tshem tawm lawv; Thaum sib xyaw ua ke hauv huab cua tiv thaiv, cov zaj duab xis oxide tsuas yog tuaj yeem txo qis hauv huab cua ntshiab siab nrog qhov dej qis thiab qhov kub txaus; Hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev, nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom muaj lub tshuab nqus tsev txaus thiab qhov kub txaus kom ua tiav cov nyhuv sib xyaw zoo.

Lwm qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb yog tias qhov kub thiab txias muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov qauv ntawm cov hlau hauv paus. Qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb austenitic yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj 1150 ℃, txwv tsis pub cov noob yuav loj hlob tuaj; Yog tias cov hlau tsis xeb austenitic tsis muaj Ti lossis Nb ruaj khov thiab muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau, yuav tsum zam kev sib xyaw ua ke hauv qhov kub thiab txias (500 ~ 850 ℃). Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv corrosion los ntawm kev txo qis vim yog cov nag ntawm chromium carbide. Kev xaiv qhov kub thiab txias rau cov hlau tsis xeb martensitic yog qhov nruj dua. Ib qho yog kom phim qhov kub thiab txias brazing nrog qhov kub thiab txias quenching, yog li ua ke cov txheej txheem brazing nrog cov txheej txheem kho cua sov; Qhov thib ob yog tias qhov kub thiab txias brazing yuav tsum qis dua qhov kub thiab txias tempering kom tiv thaiv cov hlau hauv paus los ntawm kev mos thaum brazing. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus xaiv qhov kub thiab txias brazing ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb nag yog tib yam li cov hlau tsis xeb martensitic, uas yog, qhov kub thiab txias brazing yuav tsum phim lub kaw lus kho cua sov kom tau txais cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo tshaj plaws.

Ntxiv rau ob qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb saum toj no, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ntxhov siab thaum brazing austenitic stainless hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum brazing nrog tooj liab zinc filler hlau. Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab tawg, lub workpiece yuav tsum tau stress relief annealed ua ntej brazing, thiab lub workpiece yuav tsum tau cua sov sib npaug thaum brazing.

2. Cov khoom siv sib txhuam

(1) Raws li qhov yuav tsum tau siv ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb vuam, cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke uas siv ntau rau cov hlau tsis xeb vuam suav nrog Tin Lead brazing filler hlau, nyiaj raws li brazing filler hlau, tooj liab raws li brazing filler hlau, manganese raws li brazing filler hlau, nickel raws li brazing filler hlau thiab hlau muaj nqis brazing filler hlau.

Cov hlau nplaum tin feem ntau yog siv rau kev vuam hlau tsis xeb, thiab nws tsim nyog kom muaj cov ntsiab lus tin siab. Cov ntsiab lus tin siab dua ntawm cov hlau nplaum, qhov zoo dua nws cov dej noo ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb. Lub zog shear ntawm 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless hlau pob qij txha brazed nrog ntau cov hlau nplaum tin feem ntau tau teev nyob rau hauv Rooj 3. Vim yog lub zog qis ntawm cov pob qij txha, lawv tsuas yog siv rau brazing qhov chaw nrog lub peev xwm me me.

Rooj 3 shear lub zog ntawm 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless hlau sib koom ua ke brazed nrog tin lead solder

Cov hlau ua los ntawm nyiaj yog cov hlau ua los ntawm cov hlau ua los ntawm cov hlau ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb uas siv ntau tshaj plaws. Ntawm lawv, cov hlau ua los ntawm nyiaj tooj liab zinc thiab cov hlau ua los ntawm nyiaj tooj liab zinc cadmium yog cov hlau ua los ntawm ... Thaum brazing stainless hlau hauv huab cua tiv thaiv, txhawm rau tshem tawm cov zaj duab xis oxide ntawm qhov chaw, lithium uas muaj cov flux brazing tus kheej tuaj yeem siv, xws li b-ag92culi thiab b-ag72culi. Thaum brazing stainless hlau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, txhawm rau ua kom cov hlau filler tseem muaj qhov ntub dej zoo thaum nws tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus xws li Zn thiab CD uas yooj yim evaporate, cov hlau filler nyiaj uas muaj cov ntsiab lus xws li Mn, Ni thiab RD tuaj yeem xaiv.

Rooj 4 lub zog ntawm ICr18Ni9Ti stainless hlau sib koom ua ke brazed nrog nyiaj raws li filler hlau

Cov hlau ua los ntawm tooj liab uas siv rau kev sib txuas cov hlau sib txawv feem ntau yog tooj liab ntshiab, tooj liab nickel thiab tooj liab manganese cobalt brazing filler hlau. Cov hlau ua los ntawm tooj liab ntshiab feem ntau yog siv rau kev sib txuas hauv qab kev tiv thaiv roj lossis lub tshuab nqus tsev. Qhov kub ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb tsis pub tshaj 400 ℃, tab sis qhov sib txuas tsis zoo tiv taus oxidation. Cov hlau ua los ntawm tooj liab nickel brazing filler feem ntau yog siv rau kev sib txuas nplaim taws thiab kev sib txuas induction. Lub zog ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb 1Cr18Ni9Ti brazed tau qhia hauv Rooj 5. Nws tuaj yeem pom tias qhov sib txuas muaj tib lub zog li cov hlau hauv paus, thiab qhov kub ua haujlwm siab. Cov hlau ua los ntawm Cu Mn co brazing filler feem ntau yog siv rau kev sib txuas cov hlau tsis xeb martensitic hauv huab cua tiv thaiv. Lub zog sib txuas thiab qhov kub ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li cov uas brazed nrog cov hlau ua los ntawm kub. Piv txwv li, cov hlau tsis xeb 1Cr13 brazed nrog b-cu58mnco solder muaj tib qho kev ua tau zoo li cov hlau tsis xeb tib yam brazed nrog b-au82ni solder (saib Rooj 6), tab sis tus nqi tsim khoom txo qis heev.

Rooj 5 shear lub zog ntawm 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless hlau sib koom ua ke brazed nrog kub siab tooj liab puag filler hlau

Rooj 6 shear lub zog ntawm 1Cr13 stainless hlau brazed sib koom ua ke

Cov hlau uas muaj manganese ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke feem ntau yog siv rau kev sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj roj tiv thaiv, thiab qhov huv ntawm cov roj yuav tsum siab. Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj cov noob ntoo loj hlob ntawm cov hlau hauv paus, yuav tsum xaiv cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj qhov kub sib xyaw ua ke qis dua 1150 ℃. Cov hlau tsis xeb uas sib xyaw ua ke nrog manganese ua ke yuav muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, raws li tau pom hauv Rooj 7. Qhov kub ua haujlwm ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem ncav cuag 600 ℃.

Rooj 7 shear lub zog ntawm lcr18ni9fi stainless hlau sib koom ua ke brazed nrog manganese raws li filler hlau

Thaum cov hlau tsis xeb raug brazed nrog nickel puag filler hlau, qhov sib koom ua ke muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo kub siab. Cov hlau filler no feem ntau yog siv rau roj shielded brazing lossis nqus tsev brazing. Yuav kom kov yeej qhov teeb meem uas muaj ntau cov khoom brittle tsim nyob rau hauv qhov sib koom ua ke thaum lub sijhawm sib koom ua ke, uas ua rau lub zog thiab plasticity ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke txo qis, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke yuav tsum tau txo kom tsawg kawg nkaus kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntsiab lus yooj yim rau kev tsim brittle theem hauv solder tau diffused tag nrho rau hauv lub hauv paus hlau. Yuav kom tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov hlau puag loj hlob vim lub sijhawm ntev tuav ntawm qhov kub brazing, cov txheej txheem ntsuas ntawm lub sijhawm luv luv tuav thiab diffusion kho ntawm qhov kub qis dua (piv nrog qhov kub brazing) tom qab welding tuaj yeem ua tau.

Cov hlau zoo siv rau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb feem ntau suav nrog cov hlau kub thiab cov hlau palladium uas muaj cov hlau sib xyaw, uas feem ntau yog b-au82ni, b-ag54cupd thiab b-au82ni, uas muaj qhov ntub dej zoo. Cov hlau tsis xeb sib koom ua ke muaj lub zog kub siab thiab tiv taus oxidation, thiab qhov kub ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws tuaj yeem ncav cuag 800 ℃. B-ag54cupd muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws rau b-au82ni thiab nws tus nqi qis, yog li nws feem ntau hloov b-au82ni.

(2) Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb hauv cov kua nplaum thiab cua sov muaj cov oxides xws li Cr2O3 thiab TiO2, uas tsuas yog tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm kev siv cov kua nplaum nrog kev ua haujlwm muaj zog. Thaum cov hlau tsis xeb raug brazed nrog tin lead solder, cov kua nplaum tsim nyog yog phosphoric acid aqueous kua lossis zinc oxide hydrochloric acid kua. Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm phosphoric acid aqueous kua luv luv, yog li yuav tsum tau siv txoj kev brazing ntawm kev cua sov sai. Fb102, fb103 lossis fb104 fluxes tuaj yeem siv rau brazing stainless hlau nrog cov nyiaj raws li cov hlau filler. Thaum brazing stainless hlau nrog tooj liab raws li cov hlau filler, fb105 flux yog siv vim qhov kub brazing siab.

Thaum brazing stainless hlau hauv lub cub tawg, feem ntau siv cov huab cua nqus tsev lossis cov huab cua tiv thaiv xws li hydrogen, argon thiab decomposition ammonia. Thaum lub sijhawm brazing nqus tsev, lub siab nqus tsev yuav tsum qis dua 10-2Pa. Thaum brazing hauv huab cua tiv thaiv, qhov dew point ntawm cov roj yuav tsum tsis txhob siab dua -40 ℃ Yog tias qhov huv ntawm cov roj tsis txaus lossis qhov kub ntawm brazing tsis siab, me ntsis ntawm cov roj brazing flux, xws li boron trifluoride, tuaj yeem ntxiv rau hauv huab cua.

2. Kev siv tshuab txhuam

Yuav tsum tau ntxuav cov hlau tsis xeb kom huv si ua ntej yuav muab txhuam kom tshem tawm cov roj thiab cov roj uas lo rau. Zoo dua yog txhuam tam sim ntawd tom qab ntxuav tas.

Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb tuaj yeem siv cov nplaim taws, induction thiab cov cua sov nruab nrab. Lub cub tawg rau kev sib xyaw ua ke hauv lub cub tawg yuav tsum muaj lub kaw lus tswj qhov kub zoo (qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsum yog ± 6 ℃) thiab tuaj yeem txias sai. Thaum hydrogen siv ua cov roj tiv thaiv rau kev sib xyaw ua ke, qhov yuav tsum tau rau hydrogen nyob ntawm qhov kub sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov hlau hauv paus, uas yog, qhov kub sib xyaw ua ke qis dua, cov hlau hauv paus muaj stabilizer ntau dua, thiab qhov qis dua qhov dew point ntawm hydrogen yog qhov xav tau. Piv txwv li, rau cov hlau tsis xeb martensitic xws li 1Cr13 thiab cr17ni2t, thaum sib xyaw ua ke ntawm 1000 ℃, qhov dew point ntawm hydrogen yog qhov yuav tsum tau qis dua -40 ℃; Rau 18-8 chromium nickel stainless hlau tsis muaj stabilizer, qhov dew point ntawm hydrogen yuav tsum qis dua 25 ℃ thaum sib xyaw ua ke ntawm 1150 ℃; Txawm li cas los xij, rau 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless hlau uas muaj titanium stabilizer, qhov hydrogen dew point yuav tsum qis dua -40 ℃ thaum brazing ntawm 1150 ℃. Thaum brazing nrog argon tiv thaiv, qhov purity ntawm argon yuav tsum siab dua. Yog tias tooj liab lossis nickel yog plated rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm stainless hlau, qhov yuav tsum tau rau qhov purity ntawm shielding roj tuaj yeem txo qis. Yuav kom ntseeg tau tias tshem tawm cov oxide zaj duab xis ntawm qhov chaw ntawm stainless hlau, BF3 roj flux kuj tseem tuaj yeem ntxiv, thiab lithium lossis boron muaj tus kheej flux solder kuj tuaj yeem siv. Thaum nqus tsev brazing stainless hlau, qhov yuav tsum tau rau lub tshuab nqus tsev degree nyob ntawm qhov kub brazing. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm qhov kub brazing, qhov xav tau nqus tsev tuaj yeem txo qis.

Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb tom qab brazing yog los ntxuav cov dej ntws seem thiab cov dej ntws inhibitor, thiab ua tiav kev kho cua sov tom qab brazing yog tias tsim nyog. Nyob ntawm cov dej ntws thiab txoj kev brazing siv, cov dej ntws seem tuaj yeem ntxuav nrog dej, ntxuav tshuab lossis ntxuav tshuaj lom neeg. Yog tias siv cov khoom siv abrasive los ntxuav cov dej ntws seem lossis zaj duab xis oxide hauv thaj chaw sov ze ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke, xuab zeb lossis lwm yam khoom me me uas tsis yog hlau yuav tsum tau siv. Cov khoom ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb martensitic thiab cov hlau tsis xeb uas tau ua kom khov kho yuav tsum tau kho cua sov raws li qhov xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv tom qab brazing. Cov hlau tsis xeb sib koom ua ke brazed nrog Ni Cr B thiab Ni Cr Si filler hlau feem ntau kho nrog kev kho cua sov diffusion tom qab brazing kom txo qhov xav tau rau qhov sib txawv brazing thiab txhim kho microstructure thiab cov khoom ntawm cov pob qij txha.